Employment Generation Economics Class 10th Notes | Study Material - JKBOSE NOTES

Unit 2: Employment Generation 12th Economics Study Material 

JKBOSE Class 10th Unit- 2 Employment Generation Notes

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Potential and Scope for Employment Generation

Jammu and Kashmir with its various resources and advantageous location, has a great deal of potential for creating jobs. Although the area has experienced some difficulties in the past, initiatives are being taken to encourage economic growth and generate job possibilities. Here are some prospective sectors for creating jobs in J&K:

• Tourism: Jammu & Kashmir is well-known for its natural splendour, historical landmarks, and adventure travel choices. A sizable number of employment, including those for hotel and restaurant personnel, tour guides, travel brokers, and craftsmen, might be generated by the tourist industry.
• Handicrafts and Handlooms: The handicraft and handloom industries have a long history in J&K. Pashmina shawls, carpets, walnut woodwork, and papier-mâché crafts are just a few of the magnificent goods made in the area. Jobs for artisans and craftspeople can be created by promoting these industries through skill-development and marketing activities.
• Horticulture and Agro-based Industries: J&K is renowned for its fruit orchards, especially for the production of saffron, apples, and cherries. Developing agro-based industries like food processing, packaging, and cold storage can boost the value chain of agricultural products while also generating jobs in rural areas.
• Information Technology (IT) and Business Process Outsourcing (BPO): India's IT and BPO industries have experienced rapid expansion, and J&K has the ability to participate in this market. It is possible for IT and BPO companies to establish operations in J&K and hire local people by providing the necessary infrastructural development, training programmes, and incentives.
• Renewable Energy: Solar, wind, and hydroelectric power are only a few of the many natural resources available in J&K for the production of renewable energy. In addition to addressing environmental issues, promoting renewable energy projects opens up job opportunities in the installation, upkeep, and management of renewable energy systems.
• Skill Development and Entrepreneurship: The employability of young people in J&K can be improved by emphasising skill development programmes matched with regional industry. The establishment of new enterprises and the creation of jobs can also be encouraged through supporting entrepreneurship through startup incubators and financial support.
• Infrastructure Development: Infrastructure projects like roads, bridges, airports, and railroads are financed, which not only boosts connectivity but also creates jobs in the building industry. The creation of industrial estates and special economic zones can increase employment and investment.

The successful implementation of efforts to create jobs necessitates cooperation between government agencies, involvement of the private sector, access to funding, and a supportive business climate. Additionally, for equal employment prospects in J&K, fostering inclusivity and resolving regional imbalances would be essential.

Special Industry Initiative (SII J&K)

A government initiative called the Special Industry Initiative (SII) in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) aims to encourage the creation of jobs and economic growth in the area. The Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India, founded it in 2011 with the aim of giving young people in J&K possibilities for sustainable livelihoods.

Numerous initiatives have been launched as part of the SII J&K programme to promote entrepreneurship and skill development in the area. The program's main objective is to help the local young participate in various economic sectors by offering them education, financial aid, and other incentives.The SII J&K program's salient characteristics include:

• Skill development: By giving local kids vocational training in industries like tourism, hospitality, healthcare, information technology, agriculture, and handicrafts, the programme hopes to increase their employability.The kids can acquire the skills they need for work through the training programmes, which are created to be in line with industry standards. 
• Financial assistance: Aspiring business owners and startups can receive financial assistance from the SII J&K programme in the form of seed money, grants, and interest-free loans.This financial aid promotes self-employment and aids in the establishment of new businesses.
• Industry partnerships: The government works in conjunction with a number of businesses and other private sector organisations to help J&K's youngsters find employment. These collaborations aid in developing an environment that is favourable for investment, job creation, and skill development.
• Entrepreneurship development: The SII J&K programme encourages entrepreneurship by giving aspiring business owners guidance, incubation, and marketing assistance. It promotes the formation of micro, small, and medium-sized businesses (MSMEs) in the area, which helps the economy grow and create jobs.
• Infrastructure Development: In order to draw investments and support corporate growth, the programme concentrates on enhancing connectivity and infrastructure in J&K. It entails the creation of technological parks, industrial estates, and other forms of essential infrastructure.

The Special Industry Initiative (SII J&K) has been instrumental in combating the region's unemployment problem and fostering economic growth. It has aided in opening up job opportunities, developing local talent, and building a climate that is favourable for entrepreneurship. The programme has helped Jammu and Kashmir's industries expand generally, creating more jobs and boosting the local economy.

Towards Employment Initiative

Given the socioeconomic difficulties the region is experiencing, the subject of creating jobs in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) is extremely important. By putting in place a comprehensive plan to increase employment prospects and economic development in J&K, the Towards Employment Initiative seeks to allay this worry.

• Programmes for Developing Skills: Through a variety of training initiatives, the project aims to improve the skills of the local population. These initiatives seek to offer possibilities for capacity building and vocational training in fields including tourism, handicrafts, agriculture, and information technology that are in line with the region's capabilities. The initiative gives people the tools they need to find gainful jobs or start their own businesses.
• Entrepreneurship Support: Support for Entrepreneurship: To promote entrepreneurship, the initiative makes it easier for SMEs to start up and flourish in J&K. In order to help ambitious entrepreneurs launch and maintain their firms, it provides them with financial support, mentorship, and counselling. In addition to creating job possibilities, this support also helps the region's economy grow as a whole.
• Investment Promotion: The Towards Employment Initiative vigorously promotes investments in J&K. It draws both domestic and foreign investors by fostering a favourable business environment and providing incentives. As a result of increased investments, new businesses are created and current ones are expanded, creating jobs in a variety of industries.
• Infrastructure Development: The project acknowledges the value of a strong infrastructure in luring investments and creating job opportunities. It places a focus on creating the appropriate infrastructure, including industrial parks, technology centres, and transportation networks. Industry expansion is aided by improved infrastructure, which also improves connection and makes it possible to build a thriving corporate ecosystem.
• Public-Private Partnerships: The programme encourages cooperation between public and private sector organisations. It strives to hasten the creation of jobs by utilising the advantages of both sectors. Public-private collaborations can result in creative ideas, effective resource management, and better service delivery, all of which support job creation.
• Tourism and Heritage Conservation: J&K is well known for its stunning natural scenery, extensive cultural history, and historical landmarks. Tourism has the potential to be a substantial source of employment, which is acknowledged by the project. Its main objectives are the sustainable promotion of tourism, the construction of tourist-related infrastructure, and the protection of the natural and cultural resources of the area. This not only creates jobs in the tourism sector directly but also opens doors in allied sectors like hospitality, transportation, and handicrafts.
• Government Support: The effort aims to establish an enabling environment through administrative and regulatory changes. In order to provide the required support, the government must establish regulatory frameworks, open up financial resources, and streamline bureaucratic processes. Such actions promote business development, job growth, and investment in J&K.

In conclusion, the Jammu and Kashmir Towards Employment Initiative seeks to solve the problem of employment generation through a multifaceted strategy. The programme aims to build a sustainable and inclusive economy in the area that will ultimately benefit the local population and contribute to overall development by focusing on skill development, entrepreneurship, investment promotion, infrastructure development, tourism and government support.

Sectoral Initiatives Taken By The Government For Employment

To encourage the creation of jobs in the area, the government of Jammu and Kashmir has initiated many sectoral programmes. To increase job prospects, improve skill development, and promote entrepreneurship, these efforts concentrate on a variety of industries. Here are some noteworthy sectoral actions the government has taken:

• Toutism: Jammu and Kashmir has a lot of tourism potential. The development and refurbishment of hotels, resorts, and tourist attractions are among the activities the government has started to improve and market the tourism infrastructure. These initiatives are intended to increase tourism, which will create jobs in the hospitality, travel, and associated industries.
• Handicrafts and Handlooms: The area is renowned for having a long tradition of weaving and handicrafts. In order to preserve and develop ancient crafts like Kashmiri carpets, Pashmina shawls, woodwork, and embroidery, the government has put in place programmes. These programmes for skill development, financial aid, and market connections lead to employment prospects for weavers and craftspeople.
• Agriculture and Horticulture: Jammu and Kashmir has a climate that is conducive to these industries. The government has put in place programmes to support organic farming, upgrade irrigation infrastructure, and give people access to cutting-edge methods and tools. These programmes seek to increase agricultural productivity, produce jobs in the farming industry, and support agro-based businesses.
• Information Technology (IT): To draw IT and IT-enabled services industries, the government has been attempting to create IT parks and technology hubs. The infrastructure, training programmes, and incentives needed to support the expansion of the IT sector are the main goals of these efforts. This therefore opens up job chances in IT services, software development, and related industries.
• Renewable Energy: Jammu and Kashmir has a wealth of natural resources that can be used to produce renewable energy. The government has started initiatives in the hydroelectric, wind, and solar energy sectors. These initiatives support the production of clean energy while also providing employment opportunities in the design, building, operation, and maintenance of renewable energy infrastructure.
• Skill Development: To increase young people's employability, the government has placed a strong emphasis on skill development programmes. Initiatives for skill development include apprenticeship programmes, entrepreneurship development, and vocational training. These courses give students the necessary skills for jobs in fields like tourism, healthcare, construction, and IT.
• Start-up and Entrepreneurship: Initiatives have been started by the government to support start-ups and entrepreneurs in Jammu and Kashmir. Aspiring business owners can take use of these programmes' financial aid, mentoring, incubation resources, and networking opportunities. These programmes seek to provide new job possibilities and stimulate economic growth by promoting an entrepreneurial culture.

These are a few of the sectoral actions the Government of Jammu and Kashmir has done to encourage job creation. The government continues to concentrate on these industries and look for innovative ways to create sustainable and inclusive employment opportunities in the region.